Electric forklifts are powered by electricity to transport cargo. Their core systems include powertrain, travel, hydraulics, and control. The powertrain is powered by batteries (such as lithium batteries, which have high energy density and fast charging) or fuel cells. This energy is transmitted through a controller to the drive motor (AC motors have an efficiency of 85-90%), which converts it into mechanical energy to drive the wheels. The travel system transmits power through a gearbox or integrated drive axle. The steering system uses hydraulic power (suitable for heavy-duty vehicles) or electric power (energy-efficient and flexible). The hydraulic system, driven by an electric motor, controls the fork lift (lift height of 3-5 meters) and attachment operation (such as grippers with a gripping force of 2-5 tons). The control system coordinates the motor and hydraulic pump through an ECU, achieving precise speed regulation and power distribution.
